| Egyptian Journal of Archeological and Restoration Studies

Authors:
Abdel Rahim, N.
Assoc. Prof., Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum Univ., Fayoum, Egypt

Abstract:
The current study describes the Archaeological pottery shreds which were found in the excavation made by the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) in Saqqara regions in the western side of the pyramid of Djoser. To perform this study, several analytical instruments were used; including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy– energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS)., Physical and mineralogical analyses were made by using the thermal behavior (thermo gravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTG). The results of these analyses allow the establishment of conclusions about several aspects of their manufacture, It was found out that the discovered shreds comprise a group of the pottery sarcophagus that belong to the Greco Roman period (570-525B.C). It was, also, found that the texture of the pottery was made using a large quantity of medium to coarse plant residues which is one of the most characteristic features of Nile fabrics. The color of the pottery fracture is reddish on the outer part of the wall of the Serco but is black in the middle. The firing temperature was uneven and the hardness of the pottery was medium. The sarcophagus was handmade shaping. All these characteristics belong to the Nile C group. The sarcophagus was fully restored, including cleaning, constructing, completing and coloring.

Keywords:
Pottery; Restoration; Saqqara; Greco Roman period; Analytical techniques; Sarcophagus

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