| Egyptian Journal of Archeological and Restoration Studies

Authors:
Khattab, B.
Egyptology dept., Faculty of Archaeology & Tourism Guidance – MISR Univ. for Science & Technology,
⁶ th October, Egypt

Abstract:
The study aims to highlight a major aspect of religion in South Arabia, i.e., divine revenge, which was highly important in the thought and rituals of the ancient Yemeni. It adopts a descriptive and analytical aspects of the Musnad inscriptions, primarily concentrating on the Sabaean texts, Musnad inscriptions employed a set of vocabularies and terms denoting divine revenge using direct forms, e.g., “نقم nqm” take revenge, another suggesting the stages and patterns of revenge, including guidance and material revenge, and a third moral set, e.g., the base form “حمرن ” denoting deprivation from divine care. Hence, Sabean texts utilized rhetorical forms and structures for the concept and stages of divine revenge lexically and contextually, similar to the Arabic language and Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh). Additionally, the study tackled the stages of divine revenge, revenge conflicts among deities in South Arabia, the deities of admi-nistering revenge, and causes and methods of divine revenge, including the transmission of diseases and pandemics, inciting enemies, or kings. It addressed the philosophy of divine revenge, either retaliation or punishment and its impact on the improvement of human behavior in South Arabia

Keywords:
Guidance punishment Material punishment Respiting Revenge Almaqah Dhū Samawi

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