| Egyptian Journal of Archeological and Restoration Studies

Authors:
Tarboush, M. , Al-Shorman, A. & Otom, R.
Archaeology dept., Faculty of Archaeology & Anthropology, Yarmouk Univ., Irbid, Jordan

Abstract:
This study aimed to identify the types and forms of selected Umayyad pottery samples from the archaeological site of Tal Al-Husn, determine the raw materials and firing technologies used in their production, and identify the provenance of these materials. The samples were first classified based on their types and then analyzed using scientific methods to investigate their chemical and mineralogical properties. The results of the descriptive study indicate that a variety of pottery types were produced at Tal Al-Husn during the Byzantine period, continuing into the Umayyad period. Additionally, there was significant diversity in terms of forms, pastes, rims, bases, dec-orations, and slips. The scientific analysis revealed that most of the studied samples were imported, as their raw materials did not match the local lithology of Tal Al-Husn and its surrounding areas. The closest source of these materials is the Jerash region. The Umayyad potters used a fast wheel to shape cooking pots and tableware, with cooking pots fired in an oxidizing atmosphere and the tableware pots in a reducing atmosphere, with some samples exhibiting mixed firing conditions. These items were fired at temperatures ranging from 950 to 1050 ºC. In contrast, jars and basins were fired in a reducing atmosphere at temperatures between 800 and 950 ºC.

Keywords:
Tal Al-Husn Umayyad pottery Typology Archaeometry Raw materials Firing technology

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