| Egyptian Journal of Archeological and Restoration Studies

Authors:
Mahmoud, H.
Islamic Archaeology dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum Univ., Fayoum, Egypt

Abstract:
This paper aims to examine a means of lightning known during the era of Mughal emperors in India called the oil lamp candlestick in terms of name, significance, and artistic style. This artifact combines the function of the candlestick and the oil lamp. The paper studies the patterns of this form of candlestick by investigating the styles available in international museums. There are several styles of this type of candlestick, including a style whose bottom part is detached completely to turn from an oil lamp into a candlestick, another whose oil container is removed to achieve the function of the lamp stick, and a third one whose oil container has a hole for fixing a candle. The study investigates the origin, uses, and spread of this type of candlestick in India. It highlights the function, dimensions, form, and functional compatibility of oil lamp candlesticks. It also illustrates the effect of the local Indian environment on oil lamp candlesticks, including the form and decorations of applied artifacts in the Mughal Indian era, as well as in relation to religious establishments. Various manufacturing methods were adopted, such as casting, welding, hammering, and perforating. Additionally, brass was used as a basic material for making this type of cand-lestick. The study highlights the impact of the technical unit in the Mughal Indian era on designing oil lamp candlesticks, as shown by the influences of the shape and decoration of the applied artifacts, including trays and jugs, and the arch-itectural buildings. Furthermore, it compares the remaining styles of oil lamp candlesticks with their illustr-ations in manuscripts

Keywords:
Candlestick Oil lamp Mughal India Lighting Metal Manuscript

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