| Egyptian Journal of Archeological and Restoration Studies

Authors:
Abd El-Tawab N. ¹ ; Badr I. ² ; Mahran A. <sup>2

1</sup> Ass Prof., Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, South Valley Univ., Qena, Egypt
² Lecture in Institute of tourism, Hotel management and Restoration, Alexandria.

Abstract:
Technical and analytical studies were carried out on a late period cartonnage fragments from unknown mummy at Egyptian museum, which was found at middle Egypt at Asyut. The structure of the object was visually examined and the layer of textiles, plaster, pigments and binder were identified. The fragments was examined using a variety of techniques; Optical light microscopy (OLM), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive analysis of elements (SEM-EDX). Analytical studies indicated that, the ground layer was composed of calcite and traces of quartz. Carbon black was used as black pigment while Hematite as red pigment and Orpiment As2O3 used as yellow pigment, these showing the influence of Roman and Greek pigments on Egyptian art in these later periods. Green colorant was identified as Malachite. Animal glue was used in the four pigments as medium colored.

Keywords:
Cartonnage; Cairo museum; Ground layer; Pigments; Binder; Linen

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