| Egyptian Journal of Archeological and Restoration StudiesCOMPARATIVE MATERIAL AND DETERIORATION STUDY OF STUCCO DECORATIVE CONSOLES ON MOHAMED ALI PASHA–ERA FACADES IN EGYPT
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2026.511043
pages: 23-30
Mahmoud, S. 1 , Abdelrahim, Sh. 1 , Khallaf, M. 1 , & Afifi, H. 2
1 Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum Univ., Fayoum, Egypt
2 Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
Abstract:
This research paper focuses on studying the materials used in stucco consoles of historical building facades in the period of Muhammad Ali Pasha and their deterioration, specifically in the stucco consoles of Al-Shanawi palace in Mansoura and the building No. 17 in Mohamed Mahmoud St. in Cairo. Both structures are from the same period but differ in their surrounding environmental conditions, such as humidity levels, pollution exposure, and maintenance prac-tices, which may contribute to the differences in their deterioration rates. Various examination and analysis techniques were employed to confirm the deterioration and changes between them. It was confirmed by the analytical and investigation methods that were performed, such as light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-biological deterioration assessment. Gypsum, calcite, and quartz were detected as main components of stucco with halite and anhydrite that increased in the stucco console in a Cairo residential building, while the percentage of halite increased in samples of the Al-Shennawi palace in Al Mansoura. Aspergillus and Penicillium species were identified, which illustrates the vulnerability of the stucco porous material to biodeterioration. The findings aim to define and develop effective conservation and restoration strategies that maintain the architectural and historical integrity of stucco-decorated facades.
Keywords:
Stucco decorations Console SEM XRD Fungal biodeterioration Gypsum.
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